【Linux基础服务教程】httpd(Apache)虚拟主机功能[单服务器配置多网站]

本教程为第一期教程续集点我查看第一期教程

一、虚拟主机介绍Virtual Host

1.作用

  • 在一台服务器可以部署多套网站
  • 注意：虚拟主机配置后，主配置文件中部署的网站会失效！！！

2.类型

  • 基于名称的虚拟主机(最常用)
    • 不同的网站指定不同的ServerName、DocumentRoot
  • 基于IP地址的虚拟主机
    • 不同的网站监听在不同的IP地址上

3.配置文件格式

/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf
<VirtualHost IP:port>	#或者*:端口
    DocumentRoot xxxxx
    ServerName xxxxx
    ErrorLog xxxxxxxxxxxx
    CustomLog xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
</VirtualHost>

二、基于名称的虚拟主机

1.创建网页目录、首页

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/vedio
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/html/vedio/index.html
<h1> vedio </h1>
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vedio.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.140.10:80>		#这里可以填写"*:80"代表运行在所有IP80端口上
    ServerName vedio.linux.com		#指定域名
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/vedio	#指定网页目录
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/vedio_error.log	#指定访问日志
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/vedio_access.log combined	#指定错误日志和记录模式
</VirtualHost>

Directory "/var/www/html/">
    Require all granted		#配置网页目录权限，不然报错403权限拒绝
</Directory>

2.测试配置文件是否OK

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t 
Syntax OK

如果提示AH00558不是报错

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe0f:55d2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

解决方法：编辑主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

#ServerName www.example.com:80	#把这里的注释去掉，修改www.example.com为Localhost即可

三、基于IP的虚拟主机

  • 网站: python.linux.com 网页目录: /python 192.168.140.100
  • 网站: shell.linux.com 网页目录: /shell 192.168.140.200

1.添加多块网卡

[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8f:c3:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.140.10/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8f:c368/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8f:c3:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.140.100/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global noprefixroute ens37
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8f:c372/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8f:c3:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.140.200/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global noprefixroute ens38
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8f:c37c/64 scope link tentative 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.配置Python网站

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/python.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.140.100:80>
    ServerName python.linux.com
    DocumentRoot /python
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/python_error.log
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/python_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

<Directory "/python">
   Require all granted
</Directory>

3.配置shell网站

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/shell.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.140.200:80>
    ServerName shell.linux.com
    DocumentRoot /shell
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/shell_error.log
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/shell_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

<Directory "/shell">
   Require all granted
</Directory>

4.浏览器访问测试

过程省略

  • Linux端可以配置自定义DNS服务器或者修改hosts文件
  • vim /etc/hosts
    • 192.168.140.100 python.linux.com
    • 192.168.140.200 shell.linux.com
  • Windows端可以配置自定义DNS服务器或者修改hosts文件
  • “C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts”
    • 192.168.140.100 python.linux.com
    • 192.168.140.200 shell.linux.com