【容器应用系列教程】Kubernetes V1.25.11版本集群部署Docker作为容器引擎(Centos7)

由于众所周知的原因，Kubernetes从V1.24版开始对dockershim代码正式移除，这也就意味着k8s从1.24版本后将不再原生支持Docker，由于部分人群可能依然需要Docker作为集群内部的默认容器引擎，于是这篇文章诞生了。

本文将借助CRI-Docker V0.3.4版本插件，使用Kubeadm部署k8s V1.25.11(截止文章撰写日期最新版)

一、前期准备

1.主机规划

主机名	IP地址	软件版本	节点	主机配置
k8s-master.linux.com	192.168.140.10	Kubernetes1.25.11、Docker24.0.4、cri-dockerd0.3.4	Mater节点	最低2c2g
k8s-node01.linux.com	192.168.140.11	Kubernetes1.25.11、Docker24.0.4、cri-dockerd0.3.4	Node节点	最低2c2g
k8s-node02.linux.com	192.168.140.12	Kubernetes1.25.11、Docker24.0.4、cri-dockerd0.3.4	Node节点	最低2c2g

2.网段规划

pod网段：192.168.0.0/16
service网段：172.16.0.0/16

3.配置国内`Yum`源和`Epel`源(三台主机都配置)

如果没有wget命令请安装yum install -y wget

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum clean all && yum makecache fast

4.关闭防火墙和`SElinux`、配置时间同步(三台主机都配置)

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config && setenforce 0

配置时间同步

yum install -y ntpdate

crontab -e

*/30 * * * *   /usr/sbin/ntpdate  120.25.115.20 &> /dev/null

init 6

5.所有主机关闭`SSH`连接使用`DNS`解析功能(优化SSH连接速度)

sed -ri 's|#UseDNS yes|UseDNS no|' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

systemctl restart sshd

6.配置免密`SSH`连接

[root@k8s-master ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /root/.ssh/ root@192.168.140.11:/root/
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /root/.ssh/ root@192.168.140.12:/root/

7.测试免密`SSH`并查看时间同步情况

[root@k8s-master ~]# for i in 10 11 12
> do
> ssh root@192.168.140.$i hostname; date
> done

k8s-master.linux.com
2023年 07月 15日 星期六 14:10:42 CST
k8s-node01.linux.com
2023年 07月 15日 星期六 14:10:43 CST
k8s-node02.linux.com
2023年 07月 15日 星期六 14:10:43 CST

8.所有主机配置主机名解析

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
#仅展示添加部分
192.168.140.10 k8s-master.linux.com k8s-master
192.168.140.11 k8s-node01.linux.com k8s-node01
192.168.140.12 k8s-node02.linux.com k8s-node02

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/hosts root@192.168.140.11:/etc/
hosts                                             100%  299    41.8KB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/hosts root@192.168.140.12:/etc/
hosts                                             100%  299    55.4KB/s   00:00

9.所有主机禁用`SWAP`分区

[root@k8s-master ~]# for i in 10 11 12
> do
> ssh root@192.168.140.$i swapoff -a
> ssh root@192.168.140.$i free -m
> ssh root@192.168.140.$i sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
> done

10.所有主机注释掉`SWAP`分区挂载信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -ri 's|\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap|# \/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap|g' /etc/fstab
[root@k8s-master ~]# mount -a

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# sed -ri 's|\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap|# \/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap|g' /etc/fstab
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# mount -a

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# sed -ri 's|\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap|# \/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap|g' /etc/fstab
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# mount -a

11.所有主机调整资源限制

[root@k8s-master ~]# for i in 10 11 12
> do
> ssh root@192.168.140.$i ulimit -SHn 65535
> done

nofile最大文件数
nproc最大进程数
memlock内页的页面锁

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#在文件末尾添加以下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#在文件末尾添加以下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#在文件末尾添加以下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited

12.配置软件安装源

`Docker`安装源

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

配置`kubeadm`和`kubelet`安装源

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

把软件安装源拷贝给另外`2`台机器

[root@k8s-master ~]# for i in 11 12
> do
> rsync -av /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo root@192.168.140.$i:/etc/yum.repos.d/
> done

建立`Yum`缓存(所有主机)

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache fast
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache fast
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache fast

13.升级系统到最新版本

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum update -y
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# yum update -y
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# yum update -y

[root@k8s-master ~]# init 6
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# init 6
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# init 6

14.升级内核版本(可选的)

关于Centos7升级内核教程：https://www.wsjj.top/archives/kernel

二、调整系统参数

1.所有主机安装`IPVS`

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

2.所有主机加载`IPVS`模块

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack_ipv4	#如果使用高版本内核5.x版本，请更名为nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf root@192.168.140.11:/etc/modules-load.d/
ipvs.conf                                    100%  211   401.5KB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf root@192.168.140.12:/etc/modules-load.d/
ipvs.conf                                    100%  211   309.1KB/s   00:00

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load

3.所有主机调整内核参数

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf root@192.168.140.11:/etc/sysctl.d/
k8s.conf                                     100%  704     1.4MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf root@192.168.140.12:/etc/sysctl.d/
k8s.conf                                     100%  704     1.0MB/s   00:00

[root@k8s-master ~]# sysctl --system
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# sysctl --system
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# sysctl --system

三、所有主机安装需要的软件

1.安装`Docker`

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install -y docker-ce
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# yum install -y docker-ce
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# yum install -y docker-ce

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl enable --now docker

配置`Docker`镜像加速

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/docker/daemon.json root@192.168.140.11:/etc/docker/
daemon.json                                  100%   94   140.1KB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/docker/daemon.json root@192.168.140.12:/etc/docker/
daemon.json                                  100%   94    43.8KB/s   00:00

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl restart docker

2.三台主机下载并配置`cri-dockerd`

安装`cri-dockerd`

截止文章撰写日期，最新版为0.3.4，下载地址：https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases

由于Kubernetes从V1.24版本以后移除了dockershim，所以此步骤仅针对Kubernetes V1.24版本之后

wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.4/cri-dockerd-0.3.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

由于国内特殊网络环境，我这里已经提前下载好了，可以在这里下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1h1jRd4nVdOTeQMsmQbSd2w?pwd=f3nt

rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.3.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

修改`cri-dockerd`的`service`文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
#仅展示修改部分
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd:// --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.8
#修改ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd后面的参数为国内镜像地址
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service root@192.168.140.11:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
cri-docker.service                                100% 1383     1.3MB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service root@192.168.140.12:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
cri-docker.service                                100% 1383     1.5MB/s   00:00

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

启动`cri-docker`

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable --now cri-docker
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl enable --now cri-docker
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl enable --now cri-docker

3.所有主机安装`Kubeadm`、`Kubelet`、`Kubectl`

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install -y kubeadm-1.25.11 kubelet-1.25.11 kubectl-1.25.11
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# yum install -y kubeadm-1.25.11 kubelet-1.25.11 kubectl-1.25.11
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# yum install -y kubeadm-1.25.11 kubelet-1.25.11 kubectl-1.25.11

修改`Kubernetes`镜像地址为国内

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.8"

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/sysconfig/kubelet root@192.168.140.11:/etc/sysconfig/
kubelet                                      100%  117   106.7KB/s   00:00    
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp -r /etc/sysconfig/kubelet root@192.168.140.12:/etc/sysconfig/
kubelet                                      100%  117   139.2KB/s   00:00

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
[root@k8s-node02 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet

四、`Kubernetes`集群初始化

1.在`Master`节点准备初始化文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > new.yaml

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim new.yaml
#仅展示修改部分

localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.140.10	#指定API server监听地址
  bindPort: 6443
  nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock	#手动指定cri-dockerd套接字文件
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: k8s-master.linux.com	#修改为主机名
  taints: null

apiServer:
  certSANs:	#手动添加此行内容
  - 192.168.140.10	#指定证书颁发服务器地址
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.140.10:6443	#指定证书服务器地址，此行需要手动添加
controllerManager: {}

imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers	#修改镜像下载地址为国内地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.25.11	#指定kubernetes版本
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.88.0.0/16	#根据规划，这里填写pod网段，此段需要手动添加
  serviceSubnet: 172.16.0.0/16	#根据规划，这里修改网段
scheduler: {}

2.在`Master`节点下载初始化用到的镜像

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm config images pull --config /root/new.yaml

3.在Master节点初始化集群

注意生成的信息，每个人的都不同

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml --upload-certs

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf	#配置环境变量

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
	#当集群存在多个Master节点的时候，使用这条命令
  kubeadm join 192.168.140.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9f7a17bdb794de39d777c0a0301f5979ce1faeee6df833223d455c8c45728ec0 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 4d69a847667698d461dbe235ed30b8fbd973d430f2ec8ee89f2b064a4183c714

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
	#node节点加入master节点用到的命令
kubeadm join 192.168.140.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9f7a17bdb794de39d777c0a0301f5979ce1faeee6df833223d455c8c45728ec0

4.配置环境变量

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/profile
#在文件末尾添加内容
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

[root@k8s-master ~]# source /etc/profile

5.将`Node`节点加入到集群中

[root@k8s-node01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.140.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9f7a17bdb794de39d777c0a0301f5979ce1faeee6df833223d455c8c45728ec0 \
    --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

#需要添加--cri-socket参数，手动指定cri-dockerd套接字文件，如果不指定，k8s默认还是会使用containerd

[root@k8s-node02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.140.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9f7a17bdb794de39d777c0a0301f5979ce1faeee6df833223d455c8c45728ec0 \
    --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

6.回到`Master`节点查看集群状态

由于容器之前是跨物理机的，所以节点与节点之间没有网络连接，所以容器的状态是NotReady，这需要单独部署跨物理机的网络。
这里可以选择flannel或者calico部署跨物理机通信，本期教程将选择calico
关于flannel部署教程参考：https://www.wsjj.top/archives/133

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME                   STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master.linux.com   NotReady   control-plane   2m11s   v1.25.11
k8s-node01.linux.com   NotReady   <none>          105s    v1.25.11
k8s-node02.linux.com   NotReady   <none>          90s     v1.25.11

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-c676cc86f-cxglq                        0/1     Pending   0          2m1s
kube-system   coredns-c676cc86f-gg6mv                        0/1     Pending   0          2m1s
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master.linux.com                      1/1     Running   0          2m14s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master.linux.com            1/1     Running   0          2m16s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master.linux.com   1/1     Running   0          2m14s
kube-system   kube-proxy-lp9k8                               1/1     Running   0          2m1s
kube-system   kube-proxy-n6sxk                               1/1     Running   0          111s
kube-system   kube-proxy-r2cm2                               1/1     Running   0          96s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master.linux.com            1/1     Running   0          2m14s

五、部署`calico`网络

1.准备`calico`部署文件

下载连接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1h1jRd4nVdOTeQMsmQbSd2w?pwd=f3nt

2.指定`etcd`数据库连接地址

以下方式二选一即可

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim calico-etcd.yaml
#配置文件不完整，仅展示修改部分
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: calico-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  # Configure this with the location of your etcd cluster.
  etcd_endpoints: "https://192.168.140.10:2379"	#指定etcd连接地址

或者使用下面的命令

[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -i 's#etcd_endpoints: "http://<ETCD_IP>:<ETCD_PORT>"#etcd_endpoints: "https://192.168.140.10:2379"#g' calico-etcd.yaml

3.指定连接`etcd`数据库用到的秘钥和证书文件内容

[root@k8s-master ~]# ETCD_CA=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
[root@k8s-master ~]# ETCD_CERT=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
[root@k8s-master ~]# ETCD_KEY=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -i "s@# etcd-key: null@etcd-key: ${ETCD_KEY}@g; s@# etcd-cert: null@etcd-cert: ${ETCD_CERT}@g; s@# etcd-ca: null@etcd-ca: ${ETCD_CA}@g" calico-etcd.yaml

指定证书文件和秘钥文件的位置

[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -i 's#etcd_ca: ""#etcd_ca: "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"#g; s#etcd_cert: ""#etcd_cert: "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"#g; s#etcd_key: "" #etcd_key: "/calico-secrets/etcd-key" #g' calico-etcd.yaml

4.指定`etcd`通信网段

以下方式任选其一即可

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim calico-etcd.yaml
#配置文件不完整，仅展示修改部分
# no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
            - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR	#删除注释，和下面的对齐
              value: "192.168.0.0/16"	#删除注释，和下面的对齐
            # Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.
            - name: CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING
              value: "true"
            # Set Felix endpoint to host default action to ACCEPT.
            - name: FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION
              value: "ACCEPT"
            # Disable IPv6 on Kubernetes.
            - name: FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT
              value: "false"

或者使用下面的命令

[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -ri -e 's|            # - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR|            - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR|' -e 's|            #   value: "192.168.0.0/16"|              value: "192.168.0.0/16"|' calico-etcd.yaml

5.部署`calico`网络

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f calico-etcd.yaml

6.查看节点状态

可以看到所有节点全部变成了ready状态

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME                   STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master.linux.com   Ready    control-plane   21m   v1.25.11
k8s-node01.linux.com   Ready    <none>          20m   v1.25.11
k8s-node02.linux.com   Ready    <none>          20m   v1.25.11

7.查看`Pod`状态

可以看到所有关于calico的容器都启动了

如果遇到没有进入running状态的容器，请使用kubectl delete pod <name> -n kube-system重试

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -A

NAMESPACE     NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS        AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-59d8695f7f-zv5m9       1/1     Running   6 (4m57s ago)   20m
kube-system   calico-node-cxgm9                              1/1     Running   5 (5m1s ago)    20m
kube-system   calico-node-jxjfc                              1/1     Running   5 (4m57s ago)   20m
kube-system   calico-node-ksx4x                              1/1     Running   5 (4m54s ago)   20m
kube-system   coredns-c676cc86f-26hd9                        1/1     Running   0               6m6s
kube-system   coredns-c676cc86f-lfzgk                        1/1     Running   0               6m17s
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master.linux.com                      1/1     Running   1 (5m1s ago)    138m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master.linux.com            1/1     Running   1 (4m54s ago)   138m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master.linux.com   1/1     Running   1 (5m1s ago)    138m
kube-system   kube-proxy-lp9k8                               1/1     Running   1 (5m1s ago)    137m
kube-system   kube-proxy-n6sxk                               1/1     Running   1 (4m58s ago)   137m
kube-system   kube-proxy-r2cm2                               1/1     Running   1 (4m54s ago)   137m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master.linux.com            1/1     Running   1 (5m1s ago)    138m

恭喜你，如果您跟到了这里的话，那么一个简单的Kubernetes集群就部署好啦！

如果您想安装dashboard图形化插件，可以观看这期教程：https://www.wsjj.top/archives/138

【容器应用系列教程】Kubernetes V1.25.11版本集群部署Docker作为容器引擎(Centos7)

一、前期准备

1.主机规划

2.网段规划

3.配置国内Yum源和Epel源(三台主机都配置)

4.关闭防火墙和SElinux、配置时间同步(三台主机都配置)

配置时间同步

5.所有主机关闭SSH连接使用DNS解析功能(优化SSH连接速度)

6.配置免密SSH连接

7.测试免密SSH并查看时间同步情况

8.所有主机配置主机名解析

9.所有主机禁用SWAP分区

10.所有主机注释掉SWAP分区挂载信息

11.所有主机调整资源限制

12.配置软件安装源

Docker安装源

配置kubeadm和kubelet安装源

把软件安装源拷贝给另外2台机器

建立Yum缓存(所有主机)

13.升级系统到最新版本

14.升级内核版本(可选的)

二、调整系统参数

1.所有主机安装IPVS

2.所有主机加载IPVS模块

3.所有主机调整内核参数

三、所有主机安装需要的软件

1.安装Docker

配置Docker镜像加速

2.三台主机下载并配置cri-dockerd

安装cri-dockerd

修改cri-dockerd的service文件

启动cri-docker

3.所有主机安装Kubeadm、Kubelet、Kubectl

修改Kubernetes镜像地址为国内

四、Kubernetes集群初始化

1.在Master节点准备初始化文件

2.在Master节点下载初始化用到的镜像

3.在Master节点初始化集群

4.配置环境变量

5.将Node节点加入到集群中

6.回到Master节点查看集群状态

五、部署calico网络

1.准备calico部署文件

2.指定etcd数据库连接地址

或者使用下面的命令

3.指定连接etcd数据库用到的秘钥和证书文件内容

指定证书文件和秘钥文件的位置

4.指定etcd通信网段

或者使用下面的命令

5.部署calico网络

6.查看节点状态

7.查看Pod状态

3.配置国内`Yum`源和`Epel`源(三台主机都配置)

4.关闭防火墙和`SElinux`、配置时间同步(三台主机都配置)

5.所有主机关闭`SSH`连接使用`DNS`解析功能(优化SSH连接速度)

6.配置免密`SSH`连接

7.测试免密`SSH`并查看时间同步情况

9.所有主机禁用`SWAP`分区

10.所有主机注释掉`SWAP`分区挂载信息

`Docker`安装源

配置`kubeadm`和`kubelet`安装源

把软件安装源拷贝给另外`2`台机器

建立`Yum`缓存(所有主机)

1.所有主机安装`IPVS`

2.所有主机加载`IPVS`模块

1.安装`Docker`

配置`Docker`镜像加速

2.三台主机下载并配置`cri-dockerd`

安装`cri-dockerd`

修改`cri-dockerd`的`service`文件

启动`cri-docker`

3.所有主机安装`Kubeadm`、`Kubelet`、`Kubectl`

修改`Kubernetes`镜像地址为国内

四、`Kubernetes`集群初始化

1.在`Master`节点准备初始化文件

2.在`Master`节点下载初始化用到的镜像

5.将`Node`节点加入到集群中

6.回到`Master`节点查看集群状态

五、部署`calico`网络

1.准备`calico`部署文件

2.指定`etcd`数据库连接地址

3.指定连接`etcd`数据库用到的秘钥和证书文件内容

4.指定`etcd`通信网段

5.部署`calico`网络

7.查看`Pod`状态